Introduction Truss bridges have been a cornerstone in civil engineering, providing efficient and robust solutions for spanning large distances. The quest to determine the strongest design for a truss bridge is not only a matter of theoretical interest but also of practical significance in ensuring s

Introduction Truss bridges have long been a staple in the history of civil engineering, representing a pivotal development in bridge design and construction. Their characteristic triangular units provided engineers with the means to span greater distances than ever before. However, in contemporary b

Introduction Wood truss bridges have been a cornerstone in the evolution of civil engineering, representing a confluence of practicality and ingenuity. From the earliest days of human settlement, the challenge of crossing obstacles like rivers and valleys necessitated the development of reliable br